Dolan:The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Prepared and published by the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE and the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Radioactive fallout contaminate large areas and is an immediate and extreme biological hazardġSamuel Glasstone and Philip J. The fallout is the radioactive products when they settle to the ground some time after the nuclear explosion.( 1).įor example, an explosion of 1000 kilotons(1 megaton yield), it can be found from our calculator that significant local fallout is probable for heights of burst less than about 2,900 feet or 870 meters. Related to the fireball size is the question of the height of burst at which early (or local) fallout ceases to be a serious problem. Inside the fireball, the temperature and pressure cause a complete desintegration of molecules and atoms.įor further information see Nuclear weapons effects The nuclear fireball is tens of millions of degrees (i.e., as hot as the interior of the sun). If we were able to determine the atomic radius of an atom from experimentation, say Se, which had an atomic radius of 178 pm, then we could determine the atomic radius of any other atom bonded to Se by subtracting the size of the atomic radius of Se from the total distance between the two nuclei.The size of the nuclear fireball is a function of yield, t he height of burst, and the surrounding environment. A typical nuclear weapon detonation produces a huge number of X-rays, which heat the air around the detonation to extremely high temperatures, causing the heated air to expand and form a large fireball within less than one millionth of one second of the weapon's detonation.Given: Density of niobium 8.55 g cm-3, Avogadro’s number N 6.022 x 10 23 mol-1.Atomic mass of niobium M 93 g mol-1. Calculate its atomic radius, if its atomic mass is 93. Example 03: Niobium crystallizes in bcc structure and has a density of 8.55 g cm-3. #r = 1.67 × 10^'-8' color(white)(l)'cm' = 1.Physics Dept., Laboratory for Nuclear Science, MIT Ans: The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm. That is, the atom fills only 52.36 % of the unit cell.Įxperimentally, the effective volume of an atom is Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Calculate the radius of a palladium (Pd) atom, given that Pd has. The atom occupies the whole cube, so its effective volume is

We see that there is 1 atom per unit cell ( #1/8 'atom'# at each corner) and that the edge length of the cell ( #a#) is twice the atomic radius ( #r#). Let's calculate the atomic radius of polonium, which has molar mass = 209 g/mol, density = #'9.32 g/cm'^3#, and exists in a simple cubic unit cell. For a metal, you need the density, the molar mass, and the crystal structure.

Atomic radius calculator